Noticing a bump on your gums can be concerning, especially if it appears suddenly or feels tender. While some gum bumps are harmless and temporary, others may signal an underlying dental issue that needs professional attention. Understanding the possible causes can help you know when it’s time to see your dentist and what treatment options are available. Here’s a closer look at the most common reasons for a bump on your gums.
Dental Abscess (Infection)
One of the most common causes of a bump on the gums is a dental abscess, which forms when bacteria cause an infection in the tooth or surrounding tissue. This infection can create a pus-filled pocket that appears as a small, painful bump on your gums.
Abscesses often develop due to untreated tooth decay, gum disease, or injury. Symptoms can include swelling, redness, throbbing pain, a bad taste in the mouth, or even fever. An abscess requires prompt dental treatment—your dentist may need to drain the infection, prescribe antibiotics, or perform a root canal to remove the source of bacteria.
If you suspect an abscess, don’t ignore it. Left untreated, the infection can spread to other areas of the mouth or even into the bloodstream.
Gum Cyst
A gum cyst, or “epulis,” is a small, fluid-filled sac that forms on the gums, often near the roots of teeth. These cysts are typically painless but may cause mild swelling or discomfort if they grow larger. Gum cysts can result from trauma, irritation, or blockage of a minor salivary gland.
Your dentist can diagnose a cyst through an exam or X-ray and determine whether it needs to be drained or removed. In most cases, treatment is quick and straightforward.
Irritation or Injury
Sometimes, a bump on your gums is simply the result of irritation or trauma. This can occur from brushing too hard, eating something sharp, or irritation from dental appliances like braces or dentures. These minor bumps often heal on their own within a few days once the irritation is removed.
To help with healing, rinse your mouth with warm salt water and avoid rough or spicy foods. However, if the bump doesn’t improve or becomes painful, it’s best to have your dentist check it out.
Canker Sore or Mouth Ulcer
A canker sore can sometimes appear on the gums and may look like a raised bump with a white or yellow center. These sores are usually caused by stress, minor injuries, or certain foods. While they can be uncomfortable, they’re not contagious and typically heal within one to two weeks. Over-the-counter gels or mouth rinses can help relieve discomfort while the sore heals naturally.
Oral Cancer (Less Common but Serious)
In rare cases, a persistent or unusual bump on the gums could be a sign of oral cancer. Cancerous lumps often don’t cause pain in the early stages, but they may appear red, white, or uneven in shape. If a bump doesn’t heal after two weeks or continues to grow, it’s important to see your dentist or doctor for an evaluation. Early detection greatly improves treatment outcomes.
A bump on your gums can have many causes—from simple irritation to infection or, rarely, something more serious. The best approach is not to guess—have it examined by your dentist. With an accurate diagnosis and timely treatment, you can protect your oral health and keep your smile healthy and pain-free.
About the Practice
Are you experiencing a dental emergency? If so, we want to help! Our expert team at United Dental Centers of Chicago can offer you prompt treatment with same-day appointments for urgent situations. Our team of dentists has decades of experience, and as a family owned and operated dental practice, we don’t answer to any corporate overlords. Don’t delay – schedule an appointment online or call (773) 646-6262.